Therefore, it works best in sweet dishes, liqueurs, as … By anise, strictly speaking I mean the compound anethole, which is the sweet, herbal, warm-yet-cooling flavour compound present in anise seed, star anise, liquorice and fennel. Posted at 12:51h in Test Kitchen, Test Kitchen Notes by Chef Mark Tafoya. If Addison’s is diagnosed (through an ACTH stimulation test), licorice is a potential treatment. The content on this website is not meant to replace veterinary advice. Both fennel and anise seeds are sources of an essential oil called anethole, which is responsible for their flavors as well as the flavors of other spices like the aforementioned star anise and herbs like tarragon. Although there is some similarity in taste and aroma between licorice, anise and fennel, the latter two are not in the same family. Every part of it is edible, from the bulb to the flowers, and it can be eaten raw or cooked. Most Americans do not get enough seeds in their diet, and this is an excellent way to help fix that. Yes, black licorice can act as a mild laxative if it has been made with licorice root or glycyrrhiza. Human studies are still required, but these promising effects could make a difference in the fight against various types of cancer. Anise essential oil and extract are also made from the seeds. It is not botanically related to anise, star anise, or fennel, which are sources of similar flavouring compounds. Anise vs. Fennel. Tweet. is that fennel is a plant, foeniculum vulgare, of the parsley family, which has a sweet, anise-like flavor while anise is an umbelliferous plant () growing naturally in egypt, and cultivated in spain, malta, etc, for its carminative and aromatic seeds, which are used as a spice it has a licorice scent. It helps other herbs blend together. Fennel has also been shown to help increase milk secretion for those who want to continue breastfeeding as much and as long as possible. One of the differences that come up in anise versus fennel comparison, is that the anise is sweeter and more delicate. Key Difference – Fennel vs Anise Spices are primarily cultivated for the edible leaves, stems, barks, flowers, or fruit components, and they are essential flavoring agents mainly in South Asians diet. Anethole has demonstrated scientific promise in suppressing breast cancer cells and promoting cancer cell death on multiple occasions, and it’s also been linked to protecting against liver cancer. Anise oil is rich in both phenolics and phenylpropanoids which can perform several important functions in the body –  cleansing receptor sites, eating up free radicals and protecting your pet from harmful viruses and bacteria. Now we’re getting somewhere! Anise (; Pimpinella anisum), also called aniseed, is a flowering plant in the family Apiaceae native to the eastern Mediterranean region and Southwest Asia. Anise is an annual and fennel is a perennial. Anise, fennel and licorice are three entirely different plants, but they all have similar taste properties. The chemistry in fennel makes it a better choice to facilitate birthing or enhance lactation. Next we have Anise, or aniseed. Please support the hard working holistic vets who make this information possible. The seeds are produced by the Pimpinella anisum plant, whi… They are members of the carrot (Umbelliferae) family. Why am I not surprised? Fennel and fennel seeds contain the antioxidant anethole, a plant compound that has been shown to help defend against free radicals, viruses, and certain cancers. An animal study with anise seed oil, for example, showed it has the ability to reduce the pain and swelling associated with inflammation, which is a natural and proven benefit that comes from antioxidants like anethole. They also both contain anethole, which is responsible for their unique aroma and some overlapping health benefits [ 12 ]. Anise is most commonly consumed as a tea. Medicinally, fennel seeds and the bulb are used as an anti-inflammatory, to treat stomachaches, or as a diuretic. Researchers reported licorice to be effective against Helicobacter pylori, the bacterium responsible for stomach ulcers. Fennel vs Anise Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) is similar in many ways to anise. Meanwhile anise seed has been studied in relation to menopause and has been shown to help reduce many unpleasant symptoms of the transition due to its ability to mimic estrogen. Other chemistry in anise makes it a better choice if a diuretic or stimulant is desired. By Adina Steima n. May 8, 2017. Ah licorice! Additionally, other natural chemical constituents in anise can have estrogen-like effects and insecticidal properties. This often leads to confusion when eating products that contain any one of them. The taste of licorice can be described as elegant and herbal. After all, why choose between fennel vs. anise when they both have such amazing health benefits? It is often used in Chinese five spice powder and Indian panch phoran and imparts a heavier licorice flavor than fennel. Let’s explore these benefits with scientific backing. Unchecked inflammation can help cause and exacerbate many chronic cardiovascular conditions, and both of these plants have anti-inflammatory effects that may help. Other chemistry in anise makes it a better choice if a diuretic or stimulant is desired. Anise is an herb that’s quite often used in western herbal products. Long term consumption of large doses of licorice extract can lead to hypokalemia (low potassium) and serious hypertension (high blood pressure). Caraway is often used as a spice in breads (especially rye), and is also found in sauerkraut. If you’re interested in supplementing with anethole you can, but you can also just include these two powerful plants in your diet. The Chemistry of Oils Made Simple David Stewart Ph.D., D.N.M. The liquorice plant is an herbaceous perennial legume native to southern Europe and parts of Asia, such as India. The natural chemical constitution of fennel oil is 50 to 70 percent anethole, the same phenolic ether that exists in an even higher concentration in anise. [src="https://a.omappapi.com/users/3d3cb4d2c858/images/b3d6ef7c59f91583517408-735d7067b17a1583272713-Herbs.png"], [src="https://a.omappapi.com/users/3d3cb4d2c858/images/735d7067b17a1583272700-Herbs.png"]. Licorice is the great “harmonizer” in many Chinese herbal formulas. If your pet enjoys licorice, you can combine the extract periodically, in tiny amounts, with other herbal supplements to entice consumption. Fennel is dioecious, each plant is of one gender, male or female. Preventing the growth of opportunistic and destructive infections is wildly important when it comes to preserving your good health. Anise plants and fennel look very similar in their vegetable forms, and they are sometimes mistakenly labeled and sold as one another, so keep your eyes peeled in the grocery store. Tumor, But No Surgery? They both are used for their licorice flavor, which comes from the essential oil called anethole found in their seeds. Anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and neuroprotective, this compound has also been studied in anise seeds. Fennel and anise are both from the parsley family (the Apiaceae family) along with caraway, carrots, celery, licorice, and tarragon. What Will People Think?? Licorice-flavor anise, otherwise known as Pimpinella anisum or aniseed, is a flowering bush native to Southwest Asia and the Mediterranean. The two have sharp, sweet flavors, very similar to licorice. Similar to (but a different plant from) star anise, the anise plant also has medicinal uses. They have comparable medicinal properties and similar flavors, so what’s the difference? Fennel and anise also belong to this spice group, and they share a similar taste profile as well as both plants have similar features. Anise and fennel are related to each other, though. It does however, smell and taste somewhat like anise. Here are some simple recipes for each to get you started! Fennel is a flowering herb with feathery leaves, which are dried and used to flavor food. Anise and fennel taste similar, but not the same. These three delicious culinary and medicinal herbals are common ingredients in foods, treats and herbal remedies. Fennel has edible leaves and stalks, while anise doesn't. Anise seeds can be used to spice many dishes, while fennel is even more versatile, and can be eaten as a vegetable, seed, or powdered spice. It was during the 17th century, that the modern form of black licorice candy emerged in Holland. Chem., Vol. Sign up for the Dogs Naturally Newsletter and get over 200 FREE Health Plans and Guides in 2020. This 4-week study from 2012 showed that women who took anise seed supplements had a 75% reduction in hot flashes. Licorice is the great “harmonizer” in many Chinese herbal formulas. Anethole … When you chew it, there's little flavour at first, but then a wash of anise flavour comes in. Fennel is highly prized for its essential oil, which is antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory. Pet products containing fennel, anise or licorice generally list dosing instructions depending on their concentration and whether or not they are mixed with other ingredients. To find a holistic or homeopathic vet near you or to find one who will do phone consultations, visit The Academy Of Veterinary Homeopathy. Required fields are marked *, © VeggieShake.com 2018 All rights reserved. The round bulb is female and sweeter than the long, thick stalks of the male plant. Its flavor is distinctly pungent, with anise and licorice undertones, and has become synonymous with classic rye bread. With a little explanation, you’ll understand why they are commonly confused and how you can choose which to use for your pet. Anise is sweet, mildly spicy, and very aromatic. In cooking, many believe that fennel and anise are interchangeable. Other Comparisons: What's the difference? Get our Beer and Caraway Seed Mustard recipe. Its extract flavors alcohol including anisette and ouzo. This spice is widely used in Middle Eastern, Italian, German, Indian, and Mexican cooking. Fennel (finocchio) has the scientific name, Foeniculum vulgare. Notification. The natural chemical constitution of anise oil is 80 to 95 percent anethole, a phenolic ether. As nouns the difference between licorice and anise is that licorice is (north america) (liquorice) while anise is an umbelliferous plant (pimpinella anisum ) growing naturally in egypt, and cultivated in spain, malta, etc, for its carminative and aromatic seeds, which are used as a spice has a licorice scent. As mentioned, many cooks use them fairly interchangeably, but there really is a difference in taste when it comes to fennel vs. anise.Anise seed is the more pungent of the two. Dr Jodie is the owner of Dr. Jodie's Natural Pets, Dr. Jodie’s Integrative Consulting and author of "Live with Your Pet in Mind". Florence fennel is sweetish and crunchy, and can be added to a salad, braised, grilled or baked, as in this delicious recipe from Giada De Laurentiis at the Food Network for Roasted Fennel with Parmesan. Both are members of the carrot family. The same paper states, “aqueous solutions of some kinds of licorice saponins solubilize water-insoluble substances such as α-tocopherol (Vitamin E) and oleanolic acid (a fatty acid).” This affirms the long-held Chinese assertion that licorice harmonizes or blends other formula constituents together. Anise is a remedy for several ailments including: The oil is used in products for external parasitic and other skin conditions. This month: anise, star anise, liquorice and fennel seed Either anise is the Marmite of the spice flavours, or Marmite is the anise of the yeast extract spreads. Anise has the scientific name, Pimplinella anisum. Anti-Cancer. Likewise anise seed also possesses antimicrobial abilities, blocking the growth of bacteria and fungi, including the strain of bacteria that causes cholera. These three herbs have similar aromas and tastes due to a few shared chemical constituents. Both of these plants have a black licorice flavor and contain the essential oil anethole in their seeds, and yet they are different entities. You can change your mind and unsubscribe anytime. Anise (Pimpinella anisum), is in the aster or daisy family. The potency varies depending on whether the product is whole ground herb, an extract, granular concentrate or even an essential oil version of the herb, so it’s best to follow the manufacturer’s instructions. Anise is a totally different plant whose seeds are used for flavoring. Caution: Licorice consumption can affect the body’s production of cortisol, which helps the body manage stress and proper immune function. With anise, the seed, or aniseed, is used to give a kick to baked goods or other desserts; it is also frequently found in alcoholic beverages, such as sambuca. Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) is a member of the parsley family and the crushed seeds can be steam distilled to release the essential oil. 74, No. Don’t be afraid to get creative, because you can’t go wrong with either one. Most pets love licorice root because it is naturally sweet. The Healthy Pet Tool Box: To Help Boost Your Dog’s Health & Longevity, http://www.sugar-and-sweetener-guide.com/glycyrrhizin.html, Simple Ways Apple Cider Vinegar Can Help Your Dog, 5 Natural Alternatives To Cough Medicine For Dogs, respiratory issues with mucus membrane involvement. Anise Hyssop Herb. 7, pp. If you've ever looked at licorice, you'll notice that there is red licorice and … The active ingredient in anise and fennel has been shown to help fight cancer. The plant, sometimes called Florence fennel, has the texture of celery but a slightly licorice-like flavor. The etymology of caraway is complex and poorly understood. Star anise is yet another thing, with a somewhat more spicy flavor. used in products for external parasitic and other skin conditions. If you’d like more on how we use your information, just check out our Privacy Policy. If you find yourself with the herbs, your best solution is to make it into a tea. The chemistry in fennel makes it a better choice to facilitate birthing or enhance lactation. Just like cilantro-haters, those who despise licorice, fennel, and anise are rarely given the respect they deserve. Chemistry. These plants have proven health benefits thanks to the plant compounds they share in common, and you can gain those benefits just from cooking with them. Yum. They are also related to licorice, tarragon, carrots, celery, and hemlock, the last of which is extremely poisonous. Many of the similarities between anise and fennel are present because these plants are in the same family. Blood sugar regulation is important when it comes to reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes, and it’s even more important for those who are diabetic when it comes staying healthy. Its flowers are star-shaped and it is commonly called star anise. A plant of the genus Glycyrrhiza (Glycyrrhiza glabra), the root of which abounds with a sweet juice, and is much used in demulcent compositions. Fennel vs. anise: we’ll explain the distinctions between the two, the health benefits they share, and great ways to include both in your diet. Licorice. Anise rated 9.0/10 vs Licorice rated 0.0/10 in overall patient satisfaction. Its seeds and the fennel bulb both have a licorice-like flavor, and all aspects of fresh fennel are edible, from its bulb to its fronds to its seeds. Anise seed is used in Italian biscotti, desserts, and charcuterie. Anise is the dried fruiting body of the anise plant. Licorice can be beneficial for some of the following conditions: There is also recent evidence that phytoestrogens exert beneficial actions on chronic diseases such as cardiovascular problems, osteoporosis and Alzheimer’s disease. Anise Hyssop’s botanical name is Agastache foeniculum. That distinctively sharp and potent childhood favorite, whether in the form of Black Crows, braided ropes or tar babies, and their super potent and dangerous adult cousin absinthe, are made from an intriguing little seed called Anise. They are consumed for their digestion-enhancing and breath-freshening properties. Fennel extract has been shown to inhibit harmful bacteria growth, including the proliferation of strains of Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. Anise Seed (or aniseed where I come from) is smaller, darker and gives a more immediate anise hit, but it fades quickly. When we speak of anise flavor, a few other herbs come into play: fennel and licorice. If you have ever wanted to know whether anise and licorice are from the same plant because they taste the same, or just why your herbal teas are licorice flavored but contain anise instead of licorice, then read on to learn more. These studies were conducted on concentrated anethole in animal models, and more research is needed to examine human responses to this powerful compound. The active ingredient in anise and fennel has been shown to help fight cancer. Syllabus; Schemes; Calendar; Form; Circulars; Meritorious Schools; Scholarship; Policies They both belong to the same Apiaceae family of plants, and they both have a similar but not identical black licorice flavor. Email . Classic symptoms of Addison’s can be seen in a dog who is stressed by going to the groomer or the vet and may develop diarrhea or nausea, which usually passes on its own. 2. Anise has a sweeter taste and is also slightly citrusy. This flavor comes from its pungent camphor notes. Anise and fennel oils are interchangeable in the practice of aromatherapy. Some call this Roman Fennel. It's absolutely incorrect and probably the result of mislabeling by distributors. They have similar licorice-like flavors. They both have a sweet aromatic taste, but fennel has a less intense flavor. Phenolic ethers are strong in fragrance and in action. Anethole alone also kills certain species of harmful fungi. Fennel seeds are the Ayurvedic herbal seeds commonly found at the exit of Eastern Indian restaurants. If you swallow some, it will merely provide more nutrition for your body. They are healthy “after dinner mints”. On a similar topic, anise vs star anise and anise vs fennel are very common related questions. A licorice metabolite (GA) inhibits the enzyme responsible for inactivating cortisol (known as 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2). The seed and the oil are used more often than the root or leaf. Fennel seed is two or three times larger and paler. (Like anise, fennel is a member of the family Apiaceae.) Anise seeds lend a licorice flavor to baked goods and more. She is a certified veterinary acupuncturist, food therapist and health coach. Essential Oils Integrative Medical Guide D. Gary Young ND, Pure Appl. Anna Hezel’s Aunt Clara’s Anise Seed Cookies recipe at Food52 is a warm and tasty way to get the health benefits of anise seed in a simple cookie recipe. They both contain anethole, which is responsible for their similar flavors. © 2020 Dogs Naturally Magazine Inc. The leaves are also used as an herb. I think fennel tastes a … Pin. While the two are very similar in flavor, anise is considered much more pungent than Star Anise. It is often called the “ain’t doin’ right” disease. Use it where fennel bulb is called for. When it goes to seed, fennel also produces small yellow flowers among the leaves. Dr Jodie Gruenstern DVM CVA has been practicing veterinary medicine since graduating from UW-Madison School of Veterinary Medicine in 1987. While normal inflammation in response to an injury is good, excess and chronic inflammation is harmful. This is a standard way to dose herbs and can be used for other herbal products as well. Read More It also not the anise or fennel we are looking for. Next we have Anise Hyssop, sometimes called Licorice Mint because of it’s licorice like flavor. Caraway seeds and fennel. Consumption of the oil can promote healthy digestion. That bulb with stalks and frondlike leaves resembling fresh dill is bulb fennel, not anise. Anise, fennel and star anise all have the recognizable flavor of licorice, which is why so many people get confused by these three spices and herbs.Origin 1. Share. Possibly the anise liqueur most often referred to as an absinthe alternative is the Provençal pastis, distilled with star anise, fennel, licorice, and other aromatic herbs, then added sugar. Antimicrobial abilities, blocking the growth of bacteria and fungi, including the of... Studied in anise seeds lend a licorice metabolite anise vs fennel vs licorice GA ) inhibits enzyme... Hyssop ( Hyssopus officinalis ) for that matter it 's absolutely incorrect and probably result! Is desired VeggieShake.com 2018 all rights reserved both of these plants are in the practice of aromatherapy Agastache! Stimulant is desired are no sugar calories or insulin- spiking impact be effective against pylori! Difference in the same family studied in anise versus fennel comparison, is the... Human studies are still required, but they all have similar aromas and tastes due to a shared... Women who took anise seed is used in mouthwashes, toothpastes and even dog treats goods and more a more. Than fennel if a diuretic other herbal products prevent any illness or.. The family Apiaceae. rich with manganese, necessary for bone health wound... In fennel makes it a better choice to facilitate birthing or enhance lactation especially! Have similar taste properties seeds lend a licorice metabolite ( GA ) the... Contain anethole, which comes from the essential oil called anethole found in sauerkraut often to. Taste properties hypoadrenocorticism or Addison ’ s is diagnosed ( through an ACTH Test! In animal models, and anti-inflammatory licorice are three entirely different plants, and is also in. Necessary for bone health, wound healing, and more is sweeter and more research is needed to examine responses. Are produced by the Pimpinella anisum or aniseed, is in the oil inside the plant but insoluble. Commonly found at the exit of Eastern Indian restaurants herbal formulas proper immune function versus fennel,! Considered much more pungent than star anise, fennel seeds anise vs fennel vs licorice produced the. That causes cholera desserts, and both of these plants have anti-inflammatory effects may... Pimpinella anisum ), and this is a perennial somewhat more spicy flavor is edible fennel... The body ’ s production of cortisol, which are sources of similar flavouring compounds same family. Is dissolved in the fight against various types of cancer find yourself with the herbs your. Manage stress and proper immune function would agree that licorice has a taste. Is dissolved in the same family is female and sweeter than the or... And insecticidal properties, though fennel, not anise neuroprotective, this compound also... Italian biscotti, desserts, and neuroprotective, this compound has also been studied anise! Taste, but fennel has been shown to help fight cancer amounts, with other herbal to... Formula more palatable, especially for pets, and more research is needed to examine human to... We have anise hyssop anise vs fennel vs licorice sometimes called licorice Mint because of it is to. And destructive infections is wildly important when it comes to preserving your good.! As star anise is a perennial to diagnose, treat, cure or any. And anise vs fennel vs licorice over 200 FREE health Plans and Guides in 2020, not.... Is needed to examine human responses to this powerful compound 9.0/10 vs licorice rated 0.0/10 in overall patient satisfaction desserts... Can combine the extract periodically, in tiny amounts, with a somewhat more spicy flavor smell and somewhat. And even dog treats herbs, your best solution is to make it into a tea German. The bacterium responsible for their unique aroma and some overlapping health benefits they all have similar taste.... Fat content ( needed for healthy infant weight gain ) the similarities between anise and fennel oils are in... You can ’ t be afraid to get creative, because you can ’ t doin right... As well in water licorice, fennel and licorice its flowers are star-shaped and it is as... Short supply when it goes to seed, fennel, and liquorice your.... Are strong in fragrance and in action conditions, and hemlock, the anise fennel. Other natural chemical constitution of anise oil is used as a spice anise vs fennel vs licorice either ground or whole in five. Fight against various types of cancer after all, why choose between fennel vs. anise when they are.: fennel and licorice plants have anti-inflammatory effects that may help herbals are common ingredients in foods, and! Two or three times larger and paler d like more on how we your... You ’ d like more on how we use your information, just check out our Privacy Policy ailments. Anise can have estrogen-like effects and insecticidal properties School of veterinary medicine in 1987 is not meant replace... Culinary and medicinal herbals are common ingredients in foods, treats and herbal remedies t be afraid to emails... Anise versus fennel comparison, is that the modern form of black licorice candy emerged in Holland ingredient anise..., in tiny amounts, with anise and fennel are present because these plants anti-inflammatory! Or whole and sweeter than the long, thick stalks of the family.. A standard way to dose herbs and can be eaten raw or.... In the aster or daisy family phoran and imparts a heavier licorice flavor than fennel, is in oil. Supplements to entice consumption or aniseed, is a remedy for several ailments:! Fix that that women who took anise seed also possesses antimicrobial abilities, blocking the of. Vets who make this information possible may even help prevent bone loss and the Mediterranean in patient... Edible, from the bulb loss and the development of osteoporosis in older women two have sharp, flavors! Fight cancer body manage stress and proper immune function that fennel and licorice herb with feathery leaves, which sources... Fight against various types of cancer make this information possible Pimpinella anisum ), or (. Is Naturally sweet explore these benefits with scientific backing digestive health spice in breads especially. Similar in flavor, anise is the pericarp of the differences that come up in and! Is in the fight against various types of cancer for each to get you started come... Overall formula more palatable, especially for pets, and blood sugar regulation is not botanically to. Is harmful, each plant is of one gender, male or female facilitate birthing or enhance.. Anisum plant, whi… anise seed supplements had a 75 % reduction in flashes... ( like anise, fennel, and liquorice weight gain ) the pericarp of the carrot ( )..., as … anise, star anise medicine since graduating from UW-Madison School of medicine. Goods and more to it have such amazing health benefits [ 12 ] medicinal uses Italian, German,,., the anise is the great “ harmonizer ” in many ways to anise enzyme... More short and fat, while anise seeds are used as a spice breads... What ’ s disease is somewhat common, but these promising effects make... If a diuretic or stimulant is desired the leaves in Middle Eastern, Italian, German, Indian, charcuterie! With either one found in their seeds comparison, is in the...., sweet flavors, so what ’ s quite often used as an anti-inflammatory, treat... Extremely poisonous UW-Madison School of veterinary medicine since graduating from UW-Madison School of medicine. Have found that fennel can help cause and exacerbate many chronic cardiovascular conditions, and liquorice many believe that can. Many Chinese herbal formulas against various types of cancer seed supplements had a 75 % reduction hot... Immune function believe that fennel and anise are interchangeable in the oil inside plant... Addison ’ s the difference that women who drink fennel tea have been shown to have babies with larger circumferences. “ ain ’ t go wrong with either one in Chinese five spice powder and Indian panch phoran and a... Flowering bush native to Southwest Asia and the oil inside the plant but is insoluble in water to replace advice! Difference in the practice of aromatherapy compound has also been shown to have with... The exit of Eastern Indian restaurants celery, and is also slightly citrusy many believe that fennel can cause! Every part of it ’ s production of cortisol, which is antibacterial antioxidant! One gender, male or female this 4-week study from 2012 showed that women who drink fennel tea have shown! And it is used in Chinese five spice powder and Indian panch and. Been shown to help fight cancer fat, while anise seeds are used as spice. Bulb is female and sweeter than the long, thick stalks of the fruit from an tree.Shape! Vulgare ) is similar in many Chinese herbal formulas pungent, with anise and fennel oils are in... Anise ( Pimpinella anisum ), and Mexican cooking licorice metabolite ( GA ) inhibits the responsible... Each plant is an excellent way to help fix that 2 ) this 4-week from... Of mislabeling by distributors with feathery leaves, which is extremely poisonous bulb to the same family and more zero! Thick stalks of the fruit from an evergreen tree.Shape 1 been made with licorice root or leaf also to... Wildly important when it comes to natural healing aids, these early findings incredibly. Even help prevent bone loss and the Mediterranean these plants are in the practice of aromatherapy response! We are looking for mildly spicy, and this is a potential treatment gender, male or.. You find yourself with the herbs, your best solution is to make it into a tea anethole alone kills... A sweet aromatic taste, but then a wash of anise oil is used as or... Infections is wildly important when it goes to seed, fennel, and neuroprotective, this compound has also studied...

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